It was a whirlwind of announcements at Tesla's Annual Shareholder Meeting held in Austin, Texas. The company announced significant updates about the company's future, including ambitious product plans, leadership changes, and bold strategies to address human rights issues in the supply chain. Musk's engagement with shareholders and his unexpected revelations left the audience more enthusiastic than ever about what lies ahead for the electric vehicle giant.
Musk to Continue as Tesla CEO
In his typically candid style, Elon Musk began the meeting by expressing his appreciation for the Tesla community, stating, "I just want to say I love you guys." This sentiment set the tone for the event, highlighting the close-knit relationship between Tesla and its shareholders.
Many investors breathed a sigh of relief as Musk announced he will not be stepping down as CEO of the company, squashing circulating rumors. Asserting the importance of Tesla's role in AI and AGI, Musk emphasized his necessity in overseeing the operations. Tesla co-founder JB Straubel was officially elected to the company's board of directors, alongside the re-election of Musk for another three-year term.
Tesla Dabbles in Traditional Advertising
In a surprising turn, Musk disclosed plans to venture into traditional media advertising — a departure from the company's typical non-traditional marketing approach. He acknowledged the importance of reaching potential customers outside of the company's devoted fan base. The crowd's overwhelming excitement caught Musk off guard, leading him to promise to evaluate the effectiveness of this new strategy.
Updates on Cybertruck and Tesla Roadster
In addition, Musk revealed that Tesla is targeting to deliver its first Cybertrucks within the year, with plans to deliver between 250,000 to 500,000 Cybertrucks annually. The return of the much-anticipated Roadster is slated for 2024. Musk gave insights into the challenges and breakthroughs in Cybertruck production, focusing particularly on the vehicle’s unique stainless-steel exoskeleton.
Despite rumors suggesting otherwise, Tesla successfully navigated the challenges, sticking to its original design intent and developing new manufacturing techniques for an exoskeleton-based vehicle. Further, the Cybertruck will be equipped with multiple attachment points to support third-party accessories.
Teaser of the Next-Gen Tesla Cars
In the meeting, Musk also teased two new electric vehicle models being designed by the company. One of these next-generation EVs appears to be a compact hatchback with a silhouette resembling the Model Y. No further details were given on the second vehicle. Still, Musk suggested that the combined production of both vehicles would exceed 5 million units per year.
Watch the Cyber Roundup Event
Watch Tesla's Cyber Roundup event in its entirety below. The Q&A session, one of the most interesting parts of the event, begins at the 1-hour 4-minute mark of the video below.
Update on the Next-Gen Tesla Roadster
Despite the excitement surrounding the next-generation Tesla Roadster, its production has been pushed back to 2024. While it will not be a significant contributor to revenue, Musk assured that its unique SpaceX thruster package will make it a "modest contributor to profitability."
Tesla Responds to Human Rights Concerns with Third-Party Audit
Tesla, facing increasing scrutiny over human rights abuses linked to its supply chains, has committed to a third-party audit. The concerns arise from the company's sourcing of cobalt from the Democratic Republic of Congo, known for pervasive child labor, and potential ties to forced labor in China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Amidst these allegations and ongoing lawsuits, Tesla's decision to hold a third-party audit marks a critical move toward addressing these issues.
Market Outlook Amid Economic Uncertainties
While Tesla has always been a forerunner in the electric vehicle market, Musk acknowledged that the company is not immune to the potential economic pressures that lie ahead. During the shareholder meeting, he cautioned about a potentially tough period for the economy and the consequent impact on consumer discretionary spending. Yet, he urged investors to remain resilient.
Musk offered some advice, saying, "Don't look at the markets for the next 12 months. If there's a dip, buy the dip." Despite acknowledging these challenges, he expressed confidence that Tesla will emerge stronger in the face of adversity, reinforcing the company's long-term investment appeal.
The Tesla annual shareholder meeting was packed with exciting revelations and announcements, from the CEO's continued leadership to the unveiling of future product plans. The surprises continued with the company's venture into traditional advertising and the commitment to cobalt auditing. As the meeting concluded, one thing was clear: Tesla continues to disrupt the industry with its forward-thinking strategies and unwavering dedication to innovation.
Tesla launched two FSD updates simultaneously on Saturday night, and what’s most interesting is that they arrived on the same software version. We’ll dig into that a little later, but for now, there’s good news for everyone. For Hardware 3 owners, FSD V12.6.1 is launching to all vehicles, including the Model 3 and Model Y. For AI4 owners, FSD V13.2.4 is launching, starting with the Cybertruck.
FSD V13.2.4
A new V13 build is now rolling out to the Cybertruck and is expected to arrive for the rest of the AI4 fleet soon. However, this build seems to be focused on bug fixes. There are no changes to the release notes for the Cybertruck with this release, and it’s unlikely to feature any changes when it arrives on other vehicles.
FSD V12.6.1 builds upon V12.6, which is the latest FSD version for HW3 vehicles. While FSD V12.6 was only released for the redesigned Model S and Model X with HW3, FSD V12.6.1 is adding support for the Model 3 and Model Y.
While this is only a bug-fix release for users coming from FSD V12.6, it includes massive improvements for anyone coming from an older FSD version. Two of the biggest changes are the new end-to-end highway stack that now utilizes FSD V12 for highway driving and a redesigned controller that allows FSD to drive “V13” smooth.
It also adds speed profiles, earlier lane changes, and more. You can read our in-depth look at all the changes in FSD V12.6.
Same Update, Multiple FSD Builds
What’s interesting about this software version is that it “includes" two FSD updates, V12.6.1 for HW3 and V13.2.4 for HW4 vehicles. While this is interesting, it’s less special when you understand what’s happening under the hood.
The vehicle’s firmware and Autopilot firmware are actually completely separate. While a vehicle downloading a firmware update may look like a singular process, it’s actually performing several functions during this period. First, it downloads the vehicle’s firmware. Upon unpacking the update, it’s instructed which Autopilot/FSD firmware should be downloaded.
While the FSD firmware is separate, the vehicle can’t download any FSD update. The FSD version is hard-coded in the vehicle’s firmware that was just downloaded. This helps Tesla keep the infotainment and Autopilot firmware tightly coupled, leading to fewer issues.
What we’re seeing here is that HW3 vehicles are being told to download one FSD version, while HW4 vehicles are being told to download a different version.
While this is the first time Tesla has had two FSD versions tied to the same vehicle software version, the process hasn’t actually changed, and what we’re seeing won’t lead to faster FSD updates or the ability to download FSD separately. What we’re seeing is the direct result of the divergence of HW3 and HW4.
While HW3/4 remained basically on the same FSD version until recently, it is now necessary to deploy different versions for the two platforms. We expect this to be the norm going forward, where HW3 will be on a much different version of FSD than HW4. While each update may not include two different FSD versions going forward, we may see it occasionally, depending on which features Autopilot is dependent on.
Thanks to Greentheonly for helping us understand what happened with this release and for the insight into Tesla’s processes.
At the 2025 Consumer Electronics Show, Nvidia showed off its new consumer graphics cards, home-scale compute machines, and commercial AI offerings. One of these offerings included the new Nvidia Cosmos training system.
Nvidia is a close partner of Tesla - in fact, they produce and supply the GPUs that Tesla uses to train FSD - the H100s and soon-to-be H200s, located at the new Cortex Supercomputing Cluster at Giga Texas. Nvidia will also challenge Tesla’s lead in developing and deploying synthetic training data for an autonomous driving system - something Tesla is already doing.
However, this is far more important for other manufacturers. We’re going to take a look at what Nvidia is offering and how it compares to what Tesla is already doing. We’ve done a few deep dives into how Tesla’s FSD works, how Tesla streamlines FSD, and, more recently, how they optimize FSD. If you want to get familiar with a bit of the lingo and the background knowledge, we recommend reading those articles before continuing, but we’ll do our best to explain how all this synthetic data works.
Nvidia Cosmos
Nvidia’s Cosmos is a generative AI model created to accelerate the development of physical AI systems, including robots and autonomous vehicles. Remember - Tesla’s FSD is also the same software that powers their humanoid robot, Optimus. Nvidia is aiming to tackle physical, real-world deployments of AI anywhere from your home, your street, or your workplace, just like Tesla.
Cosmos is a physics-aware engine that learns from real-world video and builds simulated video inputs. It tokenizes data to help AI systems learn quicker, all based on the video that is input into the system. Sound familiar? That’s exactly how FSD learns as well.
Cosmos also has the capability to do sensor-fused simulations. That means it can take multiple input sources - video, LiDAR, audio, or whatever else the user intends, and fuse them together into a single-world simulation for your AI model to learn from. This helps train, test, and validate autonomous vehicle behavior in a safe, synthetic format while also providing a massive breadth of data.
Data Scaling
Of course, Cosmos itself still requires video input - the more video you feed it, the more simulations it can generate and run. Data scaling is a necessity for AI applications, as you’ll need to feed it an infinite amount of data to build an infinite amount of scenarios for it to train itself on.
Synthetic data also has a problem - is it real? Can it predict real-world situations? In early 2024, Elon Musk commented on this problem, noting that data scales infinitely both in the real world and in simulated data. A better way to gather testing data is through real-world data. After all, no AI can predict the real world just yet - in fact, that’s an excellent quantum computing problem that the brightest minds are working on.
Yun-Ta Tsai, an engineer at Tesla’s AI team, also mentioned that writing code or generating scenarios doesn’t cover what even the wildest AI hallucinations might come up with. There are lots of optical phenomena and real-world situations that don’t necessarily make sense in the rigid training sets that AI would develop, so real-world data is absolutely essential to build a system that can actually train a useful real-world AI.
Tesla has billions of miles of real-world video that can be used for training, according to Tesla’s Social Media Team Lead Viv. This much data is essential because even today, FSD encounters “edge cases” that can confuse it, slow it down, or render it incapable of continuing, throwing up the dreaded red hands telling the user to take over.
Cosmos was trained on approximately 20 million hours of footage, including human activities like walking and manipulating objects. On the other hand, Tesla’s fleet gathers approximately 2,380 recorded minutes of real-world video per minute. Every 140 hours - just shy of 6 days - Tesla’s fleet gathers 20 million hours of footage. That was a little bit of back-of-the-napkin math, calculated at 60 mph as the average speed.
Generative Worlds
Both Tesla’s FSD and Nvidia’s Cosmos can generate highly realistic, physics-based worlds. These worlds are life-like environments and simulate the movement of people and traffic and the real-life position of obstacles and objects, including curbs, fences, buildings, and other objects.
Tesla uses a combination of real-world data and synthetic data, but the combination of data is heavily weighted to real-world data. Meanwhile, companies who use Cosmos will be weighting their data heavily towards synthetically created situations, drastically limiting what kind of cases they may see in their training datasets.
As such, while generative worlds may be useful to validate an AI quickly, we would argue that these worlds aren’t as useful as real-world data to do the training of an AI.
Overall, Cosmos is an exciting step - others are clearly following in Tesla’s footsteps, but they’re extremely far behind in real-world data. Tesla has built a massive first-mover advantage in AI and autonomy, and others are now playing catch-up.
We’re excited to see how Tesla’s future deployment of its Dojo Supercomputer for Data Labelling adds to its pre-existing lead, and how Cortex will be able to expand, as well as what competitors are going to be bringing to the table. After all, competition breeds innovation - and that’s how Tesla innovated in the EV space to begin with.
![Andrej Karpathy considers returning to Tesla to work on Optimus [video]](https://www.notateslaapp.com/images/news/2022/karpathy-podcast_300w.jpg)
_300w.png)
