We get our first view at hardware 4.0 for the Model Y
Greentheonly/Twitter
In a recent series of fascinating tweets, @greentheonly provided an unprecedented look into the internals of Tesla's new Model Y Hardware 4 or HW4. With his expertise and knowledge, Green shared detailed observations on the HW4's physical structure, board components, and the viability of retrofitting older models, giving the Tesla community much to ponder.
Breaking Down the HW4's Structure
Green's exploration of the HW4's complexities commenced with him acknowledging an "anonymous donor" for providing a chance to look inside Model Y's HW4. The serial numbers and other identifiers were blacked out. Green stated it was done to protect the donor after previous experiences, "Tesla is vengeful like this and went after the guy that did hw2.0 teardown by trying to deny warranty on unrelated repairs. Does not help that this new computer now has a (borderline illegal) 'warranty void if removed' sticker."
Delving into HW4's Core: Circuitry and Components
First up on the dissection table was the computer's physical form factor. According to Green, the HW4's form factor mirrors those of the S/X models, putting to bed any speculation around a potential retrofit to HW3 cars.
Moving deeper into the HW4, Green revealed that the board layout is similar to the HW4 on the Model S. However, as Green termed it, specific components, including the GPU and superior sound hardware, are now missing or depopulated. The use of cheaper non-Error-Correcting Code ram (ECC RAM) also seems to be a cost-cutting measure implemented by Tesla in this version of HW4 on the infotainment system side. Interestingly, this version of HW4 features two additional but depopulated display connectors, hinting at possible a possible second display in the vehicle.
Other distinguishing attributes of HW4 include a reoriented BroadR-Reach ethernet and the addition of a third, depopulated ethernet. Moreover, Green pointed out that the gateway chip has changed, too, with a different model from another vendor now in use. This chip, which was only seen in Chinese-made boards previously, seems to be a standard feature in all Model Y HW4 boards now.
Retrofitting HW3 to HW4: More Than Meets the Eye
The idea of retrofitting HW3 cars with HW4 stirred up quite a debate. According to Green, the concept may sound enticing, but it's not as straightforward as it seems. Modifying the vehicle to accommodate the new coolant pipe locations would be necessary for a retrofit, likely making this option more costly than simply manufacturing a new board in the old form factor.
Uncovering the Hidden Changes
Apart from the apparent changes, Green shared insights into some of the subtle modifications made by Tesla. For instance, the Texas-manufactured Model Ys feature a plastic "firewall" requiring a change in mounting methods for the new HW4. Despite the internal components remaining the same, the different mounting technique necessitates a unique part number for the computer.
The missing camera connectors were for additional cameras, such as a front bumper camera. However, as Green says, the absence of a connector doesn't mean that Tesla won't add them in the future. In fact, if Tesla had no intentions of adding such features, they wouldn't be available on the board at all, instead of just being unpopulated.
Implications for Current and Prospective Tesla Owners
For existing and future Tesla owners, these findings offer a clearer understanding of what to expect from the HW4-equipped Model Ys. Notably, questions still linger about additional cameras and if and when newer models will receive them. The Cybertruck prototype already has a front bumper camera, so it may only be a matter of time.
While it seems that retrofitting HW3 to HW4 may not be feasible due to the cost and complexity involved, Green isn't entirely ruling out the possibility. He believes a different version could theoretically be created for retrofits, although it's unlikely.
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Tesla’s Giga Texas factory usually gives us the first site of Tesla’s upcoming products. We first saw the Cybertruck and Model Y castings here. With Giga Texas being one of Tesla’s largest factories, it’s logical that most products would originate here.
Tesla has also stated that it intends to manufacture the Cybercab, Semi, the next-generation vehicle, and Optimus at Giga Texas over the coming years. The affordable vehicle and Cybercab were originally intended to be manufactured at Giga Mexico, but the plans for that facility were waylaid by changes in economic policy.
Robotaxi Castings
These new castings were spotted by Joe Tegtmeyer, who regularly does drone flights of Giga Texas. Joe pointed out that these castings don’t look like the usual Model Y or Cybertruck castings usually seen outside Giga Texas.
With an eagle eye, @minusYCore on X also spotted some interesting text on the frames holding the castings up. In particular, the castings say “RTTX050” and “W68-RSF AS-CAST”. These could be interpreted as ‘Robotaxi Texas’ and ‘Rear SubFrame.’ The as-cast portion indicates that these particular castings haven’t been trimmed yet, according to the X user.
These castings are much flatter and appear to be a different size than the castings found elsewhere throughout Giga Texas, indicating that they are intended for a different product entirely.
It’s possible that these are the first castings used by Tesla to test their unboxed assembly process, which the Cybercab is expected to rely on. If you take a closer look at the video below, you’ll note that these new castings look very similar to the ones in the unboxed assembly video.
Interestingly, Tesla did say that they don’t intend to have the Cybercab available for customers before late 2026 or early 2027, but we’ll likely hear updated timelines as Tesla’s Q1 2025 Earnings Call tomorrow.
A more vertical look at the castings.
@JoeTegtmeyer
New Giga Presses
To top it all off, new parts for a Giga Press - the machine Tesla uses to make these castings - were also sighted in Texas. These machines are few and far between, and each one is highly specialized for the particular vehicle it produces. Seeing new parts coming in usually indicates that a new assembly line is under construction, or that changes are being made to an existing line to either expand it or update it.
There’s a lot happening and we will hopefully know more tomorrow evening.
Tesla’s first large-scale partner for the Tesla Semi - PepsiCo - is building out another Semi Megacharger site per a recent filing found by MarcoRP. Building out these Semi charging sites is expensive due to their much higher power output when compared to Superchargers.
Name Change
Interestingly enough, Tesla appears to have shifted its terminology recently, now often referring to the Semi’s high-power charging solution as Tesla Semi Chargers instead of the previously common "Megachargers." Regardless of the name, these chargers are crucial for the Semi. They’re designed to deliver 1.2 megawatts of charging power capable of adding hundreds of miles of range in roughly 30 minutes.
Frito-Lay Site
The new site detailed in the recent filing will be located at a Frito-Lay production plant on Hageman Road in Bakersfield, California. Permits were filed just a couple of days ago for the installation of eight Tesla Semi Charger stalls along with their associated electrical equipment.
This facility adds to PepsiCo's existing network of chargers, supporting the Tesla Semis operating out of their Sacramento facility, and highlights Bakersfield as the next expansion of the Semi’s operational area. Notably, this new Frito-Lay charging site is strategically located just five miles (approx. 8 km) away from a massive future public charging complex Tesla is planning on Kelton Way.
Kelton Way Charging Complex
Tesla’s planned charging complex in Bakersfield, which is just down the road, will feature 72 Supercharger stalls, as well as 18 Semi charger stalls. According to pre-permits filed last month, this site will be fairly large and accessible to both the public and Tesla’s partners.
A rendering of the Kelton Way site - with the Semi Chargers on the outside, and the Covered Supercharger site in the center.
@MarcoRPi1 on X
Tesla plans to develop a vacant plot right off the interstate into a large charging hub, which is now the second major public Semi Charger site we’ve heard about. For now, these sites will remain rare, but we expect that Tesla and its partners will be happy to expand them out further as required.
Carson Semi Charger Site
These Bakersfield developments – both the private Frito-Lay site and the large public Kelton Way hub will help lay out the necssary infrastructure for the Tesla Semi, much like the early days of Tesla’s Superchargers. Since Semi cannot be charged at a Supercharger site (the MCS plug is notably different than NACS), these sites are a must-have.
Tesla's first publicly accessible Semi Charger site planned near the Port of Long Beach in Carson, California, was one of the first signs of these types of Semi Charger facilities being established - and like Kelton Way, it also includes amenities for truck drivers. Tesla is also considering what long, medium, and short-haul truckers need for their stays at these sites.
As Tesla works to ramp up production of the Semi itself, the parallel expansion of dedicated, high-power charging infrastructure by both Tesla and its key partners are essential to making electric heavy-duty trucking a reality.
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