Tesla may have multiple versions of FSD hardware 4.0
@GreenTheOnly/Twitter
Since its introduction, Tesla's Hardware 4 (HW4), the company's most advanced full self-driving computer, has been shrouded in mystery. Renowned Tesla hacker @greentheonly, or Green, has uncovered more details about HW4, providing valuable insight into its technology.
2-SOC Version and Camera Layouts
Green's analysis of firmware samples led to the discovery of the shipping version of HW4, internally referred to as the 2-SOC (System on a Chip) version. This version supports two possible camera layouts: the current one or an expanded one with added surround-view cameras, such as a front bumper camera and two additional side cameras. These cameras can run at a resolution of 2880x1876 and reach up to 45 frames per second. The main and backup cameras have unique specifications, with the vendor yet to be determined.
The new Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is reportedly based on the Teseo V platform, while the radar system connects via Ethernet and operates on an internal IP address of 192.168.90.110.
Initial HW4 Camera Connectors and New Cameras
Initially, Green revealed HW4 with 12 camera connectors, and new cameras were expected to be used in HW4 vehicles. However, the first vehicles with HW4, specifically the Model S and Model X, have the new hardware but do not include the new cameras. As previously reported in our Project Highland article, Tesla plans to add a new camera to the bumper and one more to each side of the vehicle.
Two HW4 Setups and the 3-SOC Version
Green's latest findings show two HW4 setups: one with additional cameras and one without. Additionally, Green's firmware analysis has uncovered the existence of a 3-SOC version in development. The camera layouts for this version remain the same, but the internal deserializing routing differs.
Increased heat output from the GPU in HW4 has possibily led to limitations in its capabilities. The 3-SOC version could potentially address this issue by offering better heat dissipation or paving the way for new hardware. However, the exact purpose and development of the 3-SOC version remain uncertain at this time.
Tesla Semi Truck-related Findings
In another intriguing development, Green's firmware analysis revealed information related to Tesla's Semi truck, with the Battery Management System (BMS) and all three subpacks accessible over an internal ethernet network.
These discoveries by @greentheonly provide a comprehensive understanding of the advanced technology behind Tesla's HW4. As the most advanced full self-driving computer on the market, its potential applications and capabilities are undoubtedly exciting for the automotive industry and consumers.
As Tesla continues to develop and refine its full self-driving technology, it is crucial to address questions about its safety, functionality, and integration with existing systems. The world eagerly awaits further developments in the cutting-edge HW4 and the autonomous driving experience it promises to deliver.
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In just 8 months, Tesla has gone from breaking ground to delivering electrons at its most ambitious Supercharger project to date, just in time to be ready for the busy Fourth of July holiday weekend. Project Oasis, the world’s largest Supercharger site, is now partially open to customers for its first phase in Lost Hills, California.
What makes this remarkable is the speed of execution. In just eight months, Tesla has constructed a site that will eventually feature 168 stalls (84 stalls are now open), supported by 11 MW of solar power and 10 Megapacks of battery storage. That construction speed is pretty impressive, but what is even more impressive is how this new station operates and what it means for future Supercharging infrastructure.
Self-Sufficient Energy Oasis
Not a Tesla App
The first 84 stalls at Lost Hills are now open, and according to the Tesla Charging team, they are currently powered solely by the sun and operate off-grid.
This makes it more than just a new Supercharger site. It serves as a proof of concept for a new type of Supercharger. Unlike nearly every other charging site in the world, which draws power from local utilities, this station generates its own clean electricity from its massive solar array and stores it in its array of on-site Megapacks.
Self-sufficient charging stations are something completely different than what we see today. They are highly resilient since they’re not reliant on the grid. That means that even if there is a local power outage, brownout, or blackout, one can always come to Lost Hills to Supercharge.
If you’ve got a Cybertruck, you could take advantage of the Cybertruck’s Powershare feature and charge up at Lost Hills to help keep your home powered during a blackout, utilizing the Cybertruck as a portable battery charger. Now that’s true independence and self-reliance.
The Future of Charging
Solar-powered Superchargers help avoid massive new loads on already stressed electrical grids, especially during peak afternoon and evening hours, when demand is the highest.
This is Tesla’s vision for the future of charging: a clean, fully closed-loop ecosystem that sustains itself. The sun’s energy is captured, stored, and delivered directly to vehicles on site at any time of day without relying on the electrical grid or fossil fuels.
Largest Supercharger in the World
This opening of 84 stalls is just the first phase of the project. Tesla says that the remaining stalls, as well as a new on-site lounge, are coming later this year. Once complete, the 168-stall site will be the largest Supercharger site in the world.
While the speed of building such a massive project in just eight months is a testament to Tesla’s execution, the true innovation is actually that self-sustainability. Let’s hope we see even more large, self-sufficient Supercharger sites across the world in the near future.
Elon Musk is once again seeking to expand Tesla’s vertical integration in the energy sector, this time focusing squarely on solar power. Following discussions on X that highlighted the massive gap in solar deployments between the US and China, Elon is now discussing the need for a Tesla Solar Gigafactory in the United States.
This potential move is driven by a specific catalyst: the exponential growth of AI is creating an insatiable demand for electricity. For Tesla and xAI, two of Elon’s companies betting their future on AI, building the power generation required is a strategic necessity.
A new factory wouldn’t just be about making panels; it would be about manufacturing the final missing piece in Tesla’s vertically integrated energy ecosystem.
Maybe there should be a solar Gigafactory in America
The context for this renewed focus is pretty stark. In May, China reportedly added a staggering 93 gigawatts (GW) of solar power capacity. In contrast, the United States installed approximately 14 GW over the entire first quarter, roughly 20 times less than China.
The primary driver of this demand is the revolution in AI. Training ever-larger and smarter AI models involves operating vast data centers, which consume staggering amounts of power. Google, Amazon, and Microsoft have turned to small-scale nuclear reactors, with Microsoft petitioning to reopen the infamous Three Mile Island for its AI operations.
For Elon’s companies, whose future products like FSD, Optimus, and Grok are built on a foundation of real-world AI, securing a massive and sustainable energy supply isn’t a side quest. It is part of the main mission, especially in conjunction with grid-scale storage, such as Megapacks and Powerwalls. You can’t power a world of autonomous robots without a world of abundant, clean energy.
The Tesla Ecosystem
A US solar gigafactory would be the final, logical step in completing Tesla’s energy hardware ecosystem. While Tesla already manufactures some solar panels and the Tesla solar roof, the scale is too minuscule to matter.
By mass-producing its own panels, while also increasing Solar Roof production, Tesla would become a true one-stop shop for all things green energy. This would allow the company to supply its own large-scale projects, like the massive solar array for Project Oasis - the world’s largest Supercharger site.
It would also enable more complete residential packages, like the Giga-Small Haus concept home, combining Tesla-made panels and roofs with a Powerwall 3. This level of vertical integration would give Tesla complete control over the technology, cost, and supply of every major component in its energy ecosystem, from generation to storage to mobility.
Building a new Solar Gigafactory is about much more than just simply producing solar panels. It’s a requirement to power Tesla’s future products and make solar panels accessible to everyone.
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