Back in 2021, while Giga Berlin was still undergoing construction, Elon Musk said that he wanted to fill the factory with graffiti artwork. Just months later, Tesla posted a submission link to find local artists for the project.
It remained relatively quiet for about two years until Musk resurfaced with a post congratulating the team on their progress—and revealing that the factory’s concrete would be entirely covered in art. By 2023, that vision was already taking shape. Tesla began by collaborating with local artists, who created much of the artwork seen in the 2023 image above.
The Giga Berlin West Side in 2023
Not a Tesla App
Graffiti at Scale
As expected from Tesla, they didn’t just hire a group of artists to paint and scale the walls. True to their ethos of autonomy, robotics, and innovation, they sought a more futuristic approach. The local crews couldn’t work fast enough or cover enough ground, so Tesla did what it does best—push the boundaries of technology.
Covering an entire factory in art is a massive undertaking, especially when that factory spans 740 acres (1.2 sq mi / 3 km²). With such an immense canvas, Tesla needed a high-tech solution.
More of the awesome digital artwork
@tobilindh on X
Enter a graffiti start-up that had developed a robotic muralist. Tesla partnered with the company, sourcing digital artwork from independent artists while also commissioning pieces from its in-house creative team. Armed with this collection, the robot meticulously printed the artwork directly onto the factory’s concrete, turning Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg into a futuristic masterpiece.
The Robot
Not a Tesla App
This ingenious little robot is equipped with a precision printhead and a sophisticated lifting mechanism. It moves using two kevlar cables that allow it to glide up, down, left, and right while a pair of propellers generates downforce to keep it steady against the wall.
The printhead itself is capable of painting approximately 10 million tiny dots per wall, adding up to a staggering 300 million dots just for the west-facing side of Giga Berlin. Each mural features five distinct colors, and the robot carries 12 cans of paint, ensuring it can keep working for extended periods without interruption.
Check out the video below to see the robot action, along with mesmerizing time-lapse footage of the printing process. It’s an exciting glimpse into how Tesla is blending technology and creativity at Giga Berlin—and we can’t wait to see what’s next.
Just over a week into the Robotaxi launch, Tesla began laying the groundwork for a more scalable remote supervision model, which will be key to achieving success with the Robotaxi Network.
About a week ago, Elon Musk posted on X that Tesla will likely reach the crucial safety threshold to enable this shift within a month or two. While that means at least another month of in-vehicle Safety Monitors, it does provide us with a timeline of what to expect.
As soon as we feel it is safe to do so.
Probably within a month or two. We continue to improve the Tesla AI with each mile driven.
This timeline came in response to a question about Tesla’s plans for the ratio of autonomous vehicles to remote supervisors. The more vehicles that a single human can supervise, the better, especially if that number can be reduced to something drastic, like a 100:1 ratio. A single human operator would be able to manage an entire city of Robotaxis, which will be critical to make the Robotaxi Network turn a profit.
While Tesla works towards that ambitious future, it is also taking immediate steps to improve the current user experience during the Austin pilot program, where 15-minute wait times have become the norm.
Solving for Wait Times
According to Eric E, one of Tesla’s principal engineers on Robotaxi, the current 15-minute wait times are a classic logistics challenge. The supply of vehicles is lower than the current demand for rides. To solve this, there’s a two-pronged solution for Tesla.
First, Tesla is directly increasing supply by hiring more Safety Monitors/Vehicle Operators in Austin, even hosting an on-site hiring event.
We're looking to hire more Vehicle Operators in Austin, TX to accelerate Robotaxi deployment. We will be hosting an onsite hiring event next Thursday. Please consider applying to the official job posting and completing this hiring event form:
Second, Tesla is working to make FSD and the Robotaxi fleet management software faster and smarter. This means they are utilizing the data from the pilot to better orchestrate the fleet by predicting demand and pre-positioning vehicles in prime locations to reduce wait times. After dropping someone off, the vehicle can start traveling to areas of higher demand, even if someone hasn’t booked a ride yet.
Next Up: Remote Supervision
These immediate fixes are all in service of that much larger goal. Scaling the Robotaxi Network isn’t just about having more cars; it’s about increasing the number of vehicles a single human can safely supervise remotely, which is a requirement for Robotaxi to turn a profit.
Elon’s comments give us this timeline. A more flexible and favorable ratio of 3:1 (although still far from the ideal 100:1) is likely to be achieved within a few months.
Tesla is committed to safety, as evidenced by the safety monitors in the vehicle. A single incident could not only tarnish the public’s view of the Robotaxi Network but could also halt Tesla’s operations altogether.
The data gathered from more Robotaxis on the road is crucial to the whole project. Tesla is gathering more data and issuing newer FSD builds specific to the Robotaxi.
As FSD requires less remote oversight per mile driven autonomously, Tesla can safely increase the number of vehicles per remote supervisor, moving the service closer to its ultimate goal.
Tesla has laid out an aggressive roadmap for the Robotaxi Network and its next few phases. We’ll have to wait and see just how this goes over the next few months, and whether they feel comfortable enough to increase the geo-fence and remove safety monitors.
Following the recent news of Grok being almost ready for Tesla vehicles, Elon Musk confirmed on X that the next major step is with Optimus, Tesla’s humanoid Robot. xAI’s advanced Grok models will eventually serve as the voice and brain for Optimus. This will be a convergence of Musk’s two biggest AI ventures — Tesla and xAI.
This will combine a physically humanoid robot - the brawn - with the new brains, Grok. This integration is more than just giving Optimus a voice - it suggests that Tesla is thinking ahead and possibly intends to use Grok to understand the environment around Optimus, while FSD will handle the robot’s movements.
The combination of Optimus and Grok creates a relationship where each component plays to its strengths.
For years, Tesla’s robotics team has been focused on the immense challenge of physical autonomy. Optimus learns complex tasks by observing humans, basically training itself through video by watching humans. This helps Optimus develop the physical dexterity needed to work in the real world. This is the brawn - the ability to navigate, manipulate objects, and perform useful work.
Grok provides the conversational brain. It adds a layer of natural language understanding, reasoning, and interaction. Instead of needing a computer, a specialized app, or pre-programming commands to give Optimus instructions, a user will be able to simply talk to it in a natural way. This makes Optimus infinitely more approachable and useful, especially for tasks in a dynamic environment, such as work or at home.
xAI and Tesla
Viewed from a different perspective, this move isn’t just about upgrading one product. It is the clearest evidence that xAI and Tesla are collaborating together to build a single, unified AI platform. Musk’s biographer, Walter Isaacson, believes Tesla and xAI will merge. Seeing Tesla and xAI both play critical roles in creating Optimus makes us believe that it may very well be the case.
Transformation to a Humanoid Robot
The confirmation of Grok in Optimus is one of the most significant milestones for the project to date. While Optimus’s ability to walk and work (and dance) is already an incredible engineering feat, it has all been physical abilities so far. Adding the ability to interact with Optimus in a human-like way will transform Grok from a machine to a true, general-purpose humanoid robot.
The ability to understand nuanced requests, ask clarifying questions, and respond intelligently is what will ultimately make Optimus a daily fixture in our lives.
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