Last week, the Ride the Lightning podcast interviewed Tesla’s VP of Vehicle Engineering, Lars Moravvy. We learned quite a bit from that episode, including the fact that Tesla is working on refreshing the Model S and X.
In this week’s episode, they interviewed Tesla’s Chief Vehicle Designer, Franz von Holzhausen, and there’s another treasure trove of information to enjoy here. This is also the 500th episode of Ride the Lightning, so if you haven’t heard of them, be sure to check them out (video below).
New Paint Colors
Tesla has replaced many of its original colors throughout the years, but it hasn’t really introduced new ones. Franz mentioned that the public weeds out the color choices - so when a color just isn’t ordered, Tesla drops it from its lineup. This includes the browns and the greens.
Meanwhile, black, white, and greys are the vast majority of what people order. The blue and the red are also equally popular. However, adding more colors increases complexity. Certain paints require multiple coats or different spray nozzles - it all adds up to additional complexity.
Colors take a while to develop, too - it takes time to establish the process, develop the color, and make sure the color will last and stay stunning. Each paint also needs to pass durability testing - and different pigments can withstand different things. This is actually why Tesla is going away from paint in the Robotaxi and they’ll instead infuse pigment into the plastic panels themselves.
Glacier Blue
Glacier Blue is the 3rd blue that Tesla has produced - and it’s the lightest color of all the choices. Tesla had been refining this color for some time, experimenting with pigmenting to add depth and character to the silver tones. The result was Glacier Blue, which ultimately found its way to the refreshed Model Y.
Franz avoided answering whether Glacier Blue is coming to North America, but Tesla’s engineering team previously hinted that new colors are coming to North America. It’s likely that Glacier Blue, or some variant of it, will be one of the new colors. Franz also declined to answer whether Midnight Cherry Red - the beautiful red variant in Europe - would be discontinued. He said it was a really beautiful color and that Tesla had spent a lot of time on that color - and that he had to “stay tuned.”
Roadster Sneak Peak
Tesla’s 2nd Gen Roadster has been a bit of a mystery. It was supposed to be a technology showcase - an EV to bring a smackdown to every other vehicle. It also served as a tech testbed - and the tech on the 2017 Roadster prototype eventually made its way down to other vehicles - like the Model S Plaid.
The Roadster should be exciting and capture everyone’s imagination. It should be a car that captures kids’ imaginations, one they have posters of and dream of owning one day. We last heard about the Roadster almost exactly a year ago, with Musk stating that Tesla radically increased the design goals for the vehicle. At the time, Musk said deliveries would be in 2025, but that seems like a pipedream right now, and maybe rightly so. Although the Roadster will undoubtedly be a marvel, it’ll be a very low-volume vehicle. If Tesla wants to continue to reach the masses, it will need to start production on its next-gen, lower-priced vehicle and roll out Robotaxi.
The Roadster serves as Tesla’s racing program, developing and testing what will eventually be integrated into other vehicles. How about cold-rocket boosters on a Cybertruck?
Challenges with Optimus
Optimus may not be a car, but Tesla’s chief designer, Franz von Holzhausen, and his team are deeply involved in shaping its design. Tesla’s designers are pushing creative boundaries to rethink what a humanoid robot can be.
The goal is to replicate the human form—a challenge that’s as much artistic as it is technical. The complexity of the human body makes this a difficult task, requiring precision in both mechanics and aesthetics.
To achieve this, Tesla has developed custom-designed actuators and joints, refining Optimus to better fit the humanoid form. Unlike traditional design and engineering teams that often work in silos, Tesla’s designers and engineers collaborate closely, allowing them to tackle and overcome challenges together.
The Affordable Model
Tesla’s mission with its products is simple: each one should feel like a premium purchase, offering more value than what you paid for it. Whether it’s an affordable model or a high-end one, Tesla is committed to creating products that are built to last, beautifully designed, and deliver exceptional performance.
This means exploring innovative materials that make their more affordable products still feel premium. Interestingly, Franz mentions the word “products” multiple times here - something he didn’t really do in other parts of the interview.
This was a fantastic interview with Franz that gave us a closer look at how Tesla works and what they have in the pipeline. Be sure to check it out below.
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With Tesla’s first major expansion of the Robotaxi Geofence now complete and operational, they’ve been hard at work with validation in new locations - and some are quite the drive from the current Austin Geofence.
Validation fleet vehicles have been spotted operating in a wider perimeter around the city, from rural roads in the west end to the more complex area closer to the airport. Tesla mentioned during their earnings call that the Robotaxi has already completed 7,000 miles in Austin, and it will expand its area of operation to roughly 10 times what it is now. This lines up with the validation vehicles we’ve been tracking around Austin.
Based on the spread of the new sightings, the potential next geofence could cover a staggering 450 square miles - a tenfold increase from the current service area of roughly 42 square miles. You can check this out in our map below with the sightings we’re tracking.
If Tesla decides to expand into these new areas, it would represent a tenfold increase over their current geofence, matching Tesla’s statement. The new area would cover approximately 10% of the 4,500-square-mile Austin metropolitan area. If Tesla can offer Robotaxi services in that entire area, it would prove they can tackle just about any city in the United States.
From Urban Core to Rural Roads
The locations of the validation vehicles show a clear intent to move beyond the initial urban and suburban core and prepare the Robotaxi service for a much wider range of uses.
In the west, validation fleet vehicles have been spotted as far as Marble Falls - a much more rural environment that features different road types, higher speed limits, and potentially different challenges.
In the south, Tesla has been expanding towards Kyle, which is part of the growing Austin-San Antonio suburban corridor spanning Highway 35. San Antonio is only 80 miles (roughly a 90-minute drive) away, and could easily become part of the existing Robotaxi area if Tesla obtains regulatory approval there.
In the East, we haven’t spotted any new validation vehicles. This is likely because Tesla’s validation vehicles originate from Giga Texas, which is located East of Austin. We won’t really know if Tesla is expanding in this direction until they start pushing past Giga Texas and toward Houston.
Finally, there have been some validation vehicles spotted just North of the new expanded boundaries, meaning that Tesla isn’t done in that direction either. This direction consists of the largest suburban areas of Austin, which have so far not been serviced by any form of autonomous vehicle.
Rapid Scaling
This new, widespread validation effort confirms what we already know. Tesla is pushing for an intensive period of public data gathering and system testing in a new area, right before conducting geofence expansions. The sheer scale of this new validation zone tells us that Tesla isn’t taking this slowly - the next step is going to be a great leap instead, and they essentially confirmed this during this Q&A session on the recent call. The goal is clearly to bring the entire Austin Metropolitan area into the Robotaxi Network.
While the previous expansion showed off just how Tesla can scale the network, this new phase of validation testing is a demonstration of just how fast they can validate and expand their network. The move to validate across rural, suburban, and urban areas simultaneously shows their confidence in these new Robotaxi FSD builds.
Eventually, all these improvements from Robotaxi will make their way to customer FSD builds sometime in Q3 2025, so there is a lot to look forward to.
For years, the progress of Tesla’s FSD has been measured by smoother turns, better lane centering, and more confident unprotected left turns. But as the system matures, a new, more subtle form of intelligence is emerging - one that shifts its attention to the human nuances of navigating roads. A new video posted to X shows the most recent FSD build, V13.2.9, demonstrating this in a remarkable real-world scenario.
Toll Booth Magic
In the video, a Model Y running FSD pulls up to a toll booth and smoothly comes to a stop, allowing the driver to handle payment. The car waits patiently as the driver interacts with the attendant. Then, at the precise moment the toll booth operator finishes the transaction and says “Have a great day”, the vehicle starts moving, proceeding through the booth - all without any input from the driver.
If you notice, there’s no gate here at this toll booth. This interaction all happened naturally with FSD.
While the timing was perfect, the FSD wasn’t listening to the conversation for clues (maybe one day, with Grok?) The reality, as explained by Ashok Elluswamy, Tesla’s VP of AI, is even more impressive.
It can see the transaction happening using the repeater & pillar cameras. Hence FSD proceeds on its own when the transaction is complete 😎
FSD is simply using the cameras on the side of the vehicle to watch the exchange between the driver and attendant. The neural network has been trained on enough data that it can visually recognize the conclusion of a transaction - the exchange of money or a card and the hands pulling away - and understands that this is the trigger to proceed.
The Bigger Picture
This capability is far more significant than just a simple party trick. FSD is gaining the ability to perceive and navigate a world built for humans in the most human-like fashion possible.
If FSD can learn what a completed toll transaction looks like, it’s an example of the countless other complex scenarios it’ll be able to handle in the future. This same visual understanding could be applied to navigating a fast-food drive-thru, interacting with a parking garage attendant, passing through a security checkpoint, or boarding a ferry or vehicle train — all things we thought that would come much later.
These human-focused interactions will eventually become even more useful, as FSD becomes ever more confident in responding to humans on the road, like when a police officer tells a vehicle to go a certain direction, or a construction worker flags you through a site. These are real-world events that happen every day, and it isn’t surprising to see FSD picking up on the subtleties and nuances of human interaction.
This isn’t a pre-programmed feature for a specific toll booth. It is an emergent capability of the end-to-end AI neural nets. By learning from millions of videos across billions of miles, FSD is beginning to build a true contextual understanding of the world. The best part - with a 10x context increase on its way, this understanding will grow rapidly and become far more powerful.
These small, subtle moments of intelligence are the necessary steps to a truly robust autonomous system that can handle the messy, unpredictable nature of human society.
